The Evangelical Christian Almanac

November


November 1

491 - The Council of Chalcedon adjorns - it was a council of some controversy in the matter of the person of Christ. It postulated a One-person Christ with two natures.

1512 - Michelangelo unveiled the Sistine Chapel, over 5800 square feet of painting.

1533 - Date that Nicholas Cop, the rector of the University of Paris addressed those attending church calling for a purification of the Church along with an appeal to the Lutheran doctrine of justification by faith through grace and closed with an appeal for toleration of a new spiritual ideas. The speech created a furor, with Cop being called a heretic. A price was put on his head and he fled. It was believed that John Calvin had a hand in his speech.

1678 - William Coddington, the founder of Newport, Rhode Island and a governor of Rhode Island, died - he had left Massachusetts over the persecution of Ann Hutchinson.

1788 - The Religious and Literary Institution was opened in Windsor, Nova Scotia - it eventually became KING'S COLLEGE.

1825 - Birth of William Whiting in London. He was an Anglican hymn writer - ETERNAL FATHER, STRONG TO SAVE.

1950 - Pope Pius l2th issued an apostolic constitution that defined the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary. It is not built on any scripture stating such an assumption. It joins with the myths of perpetual virginity and Immaculate Conception to promote Mariolatry - elevating her to an unscriptural status including Mediatrix.

1961 - Death of evangelist Mordecai Ham, a converted Jew under whose ministry Billy Graham was converted.

* Festival of All Saints - commemorating saints in the Roman Catholic & Anglican tradition.


November 2

1533 - John Calvin flees Paris by escaping out a window using a bed-sheet as rope. He disguised himself as a peasant farmer and spent three years wandering. His flight was due to his association with Nicolas Cop who had presented Lutheran views in an address at the University of Paris.

1600 - Death of Richard Hooker, a capable Anglican Theologian. He wrote LAWS OF ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY IN 1594 setting forth his argument for Episcopal rule of churches based less on scripture and more on good judgment. He was 46 years old at his death.

1789 - All property of the French Clergy was confiscated by leaders of the Revolution.

1827 - Birth of Paul Anton de la Garde, a German skilled in oriental languages. Authored numerous books on the Bible and Church Fathers. Translator of Greek, Chaldean, Arabic, Syriac and Coptic texts.

1965 - Norman Morrison, a Quaker from Baltimore, burned himself to death near the Pentagon in Washington, DC to express his great concern over the loss of life in the Viet Nam War.


November 3

1534 - British parliament passed the famous SUPREMACY ACT by which Henry 8th and his successors were declared the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England with full power to redress heresies and abuses. Practically it put Henry in the place of the Roman Pope.

1585 - Birth of Cornelius Otto Jansen in the Netherlands. Commonly called the Father of Jansenism, which was a Roman Catholic movement maintaining that the teachings of Augustin on grace, free will and predestination was opposed to the teaching of the Jesuits. All of this undercut the aims of the Counter-Reformation movement in the Catholic Church. Pope Clement 11th issued a decree condemning Jansenism in 1713.

1631 - Missionary John Eliot arrived in the Boston area and began to teach in the Roxbury section. He would begin missionary work with the American Indians in 1646.

1723 - Birth of Samuel Davies, considered by many to be the founder of southern Presbyterianism. He was ordained an evangelist and sent to Virginia in 1747. Ministered with Gilbert Tennant in 1753 in England. He triumphed the cause of dissenters before the British King.

1783 - The Gloucester Journal published a report about a man named Robert Raikes who was attempting to start Sunday schools for the poor in slums of Gloucester. Raikes became quite successful in ministering God's word to these forgotten youngsters. He is often referred to as the Father of the modern Sunday school.


November 4

1646 - A severe heresy law enacted in Massachusetts made death the punishment for anyone persisting in denying that the Holy Scriptures were the Word of God.

1740 - Birth of Augustus Toplady in Farnham, England. He became a staunch Calvinist preacher, often attacking the teachings of Arminianism. He wrote a number of Hymns -most notably - ROCK OF AGES.

1771 - Birth of James Montgomery in Irvine, Scotland. He was a devout poet and writer twice imprisoned for his radical views. He opposed slavery and wrote words to ANGELS FROM THE REALMS OF GLORY.

1847 - Death of Felix Mendelssohn, famous composer and convert from Judaism. His genius for music gave us many beautiful pieces, including Symphony # 4 in A major as well as the music to HARK, THE HERALD ANGELS SING.

1891 - The New York Presbytery dismissed charges of heresy against Dr. Charles Briggs who vigorously condemned the "dogma of verbal Inspiration". He was finally condemned and dismissed from ministry in 1893 afterwards he became an ordained Episcopalian.


November 5

1414 - The Council of Constance began in Germany to deal with serious conflicts and schisms in the Roman Catholic Church. At the time of the council there were three claimants as Pope of the Catholic Church. Each would be dismissed. With Odo Colonna becoming the Pope, named Martin 5th, the teachings of John Hus and J. Wycliffe were condemned.

1549 - Philippe De Mornay, Huegunot leader in France, fled to England. He was instrumental in the adoption of the Edict of Nantes (1598) providing religious freedom to Protestants in France.

1727 - Birth of Gideon Hawley in Connecticut - became a missionary to the North American Indians.

1851 - Birth of Dr. B. B. Warfield, noted Presbyterian theologian who defended the doctrine of divine inspiration of the Bible. Taught at Princeton Theological Seminary.

1858 - John Paton, a Scotsman and missionary, landed at the islands called the New Hebrides, noted for its headhunters.


November 6

1789 - The first American catholic diocese was created in Baltimore by Pope Pius 6th.

1832 - Birth of Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio - son of Joseph Smith the founder of Mormonism. The son would break with his father and begin the Reorganized Latter Day Saints, a non-polygamous group.

1832 - Melvin B. Cox, a missionary with the Methodist Episcopal Church boarded the ship, JUPITER and sailed to Liberia in Africa to share the gospel. Having been warned of the deathly fevers in Africa, he told the seminary students he knew that if he were to die in Africa to write on his tomb-stone the words, LET A THOUSAND FALL BEFORE AFRICA BE GIVEN UP. His words were prophetic, as he died only four months into his missionary work.

1935 - Death of baseball-player turned evangelist, Billy Sunday. His flamboyant style and frank preaching made him Legendary. It can be safely said that his preaching did much to move the nation to the Prohibition Act that outlawed sale of liquor. Many years later Sunday was lampooned in a Hollywood movie starring Burt Lancaster entitled, ELMER GANTRY.


November 7

1472 - Birth of Lorenzo Compeggio, a papal representative sent to Germany to reform the abuse of indulgences. He was later sent to England to judge the validity of the marriage of King Henry 8th to Catherine of Aragon.

1637 - The General Court of Massachusetts banished Anne Hutchinson for her religious beliefs. Encyclopedia Britannica says that "she stressed the individual's intuition as a means for reaching God and salvation, rather than the observance of institutionalized beliefs and the precepts of ministers. Her opponents accused her of antinomianism the belief that God's grace has freed the individual from the need to observe established moral precepts".

1819 - Birth of Robert P. Smith near Glouchester, England. Became an accomplished theologian and language expert - published a Syriac dictionary and served on the revision committee for Bible translation (1870-85).

1842 - Hymin Herschell convened a meeting in London for the purpose of founding the British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews. Also attending this meeting was Robert M. McCheyne. Out of this movement would come other organizations that sought to give the gospel to the Jews of the British Isles and Europe.

1906 - Birth of Eugene Carlson Blake near St. Louis - became president of NCC -1954-57 and general secretary of the WCC (1966-72).

1918 - Birth of William F. Graham, called Billy Graham, in Charlotte, North Carolina. Began his crusades in 1949. Has preached the gospel to multiply-millions, perhaps more than any other human being in church history.


November 8

1308 - Death of John Duns Scotus, considered by many to be the greatest English theologian of the medieval period. He criticized Thomas Aquinas and many other things taught by the Catholic Church.

1517 - Death of Francisco de Cisneros, A Spanish theologian and Catholic Cardinal. While he sought to reach Muslim Moors with the gospel, he was guilty of burning Arabic Books. He oversaw the first critical edition of the Bible, called the Complutensian Polyglot Bible, which was done by Cardinal Ximenes in 1521-22.

1541 - Birth of Paul Eber, a German theologian and reformer. He became a disciple and secretary to Philip Melancthon.

1674 - Death of British poet, John Milton who gave us the epic poem, PARADISE LOST.

1869 - Birth of Joseph Rutherford in Booneville, Missouri. President of Jehovah Witnesses (1916-42).

1889 - Birth of Oswald Smith, promoter of missions and Pastor of People's Church in Toronto.

1897 - Birth in Brooklyn, New York of Dorothy Day. She would become a Social activist who sought to open houses to aid the poor and homeless.


November 9

1522 - Birth of Martin Chemnitz, a German Lutheran theologian. One of the leaders in consolidating Lutheran teaching after Luther's death.

1606 - Birth of Hermann Conring, a German scientist and physician who wrote articles arguing that the Protestant church was part of the universal church, though non-Catholic.

1836 - Birth of Sam Hill, one of the founders of the Gideons' leaders in Bible distribution.

1978 - Pope John Paul 2nd upheld the mandatory celibacy of priests.


November 10

1483 - Birth of Martin Luther, the famous Reformer in Eisleben, Germany. His father was a miner. Luther's biographer, Roland Bainton, says that his family was of peasant stock meaning that they were stocky, rugged, sometimes coarse, credulous and devout. His education was typical of the era. Luther was apparently subject to recurrent periods of exaltation and depression that plagued him all his life. He will always be an object of controversy in history.

1828 - Death of Lott Carey, a former slave in Virginia who was converted in 1807. He learned to read by memorizing scripture in his head and then comparing it with the letters on the page in the Bible. He attended night school for blacks at Richmond's First Baptist Church. His preparation paid off as he was accepted as a missionary to Africa by the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions and sailed for Africa arriving in 1821.

1852 - Birth of Henry Van Dyke, in Germantown, Pennsylvania. He was a poet often remembered for his words to the hymn; JOYFUL, JOYFUL WE ADORE THEE.

1854 - Birth of Walter Lambuth in Shanghai where his father was a missionary. Lambuth would found a mission in the Congo with the Methodists and serve as General Secretary to their mission.

1857 - Birth of Walter Pratt, A Congregational minister and educator. As a professor of public worship at Hartford Theological Seminary he edited various hymn collections.

1975 - The United Nations passed resolution # 3379 equating Zionism with racism; Zionism is still condemned by many Middle East countries of large Muslim populations. Zionism is the movement to restore the ancient land of Israel and was fulfilled with the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The scripture warns us of such anti-Semitism in Zech. 12:2-3, 14:1-3 and Zephaniah 3:8 that will be met by the anger and judgment of God upon the nations hostile to Israel.


November 11

397 - Death of Martin of Tours, one time reluctant Bishop. He became a believer while serving in the Roman Army. He is sometimes called the pioneer of monasticism in France. He was active as a missionary and wrote no laws of asceticism for the monks that followed him. He protested the execution of a Spaniard, accused of heresy.

1215 - The Fourth Lateran Council was convened by Pope Innocent 3rd. It would be one of the most significant of Roman Catholic councils as it would condemn the Magna Charta as an affront to the pope, it would enunciate the dogma of Transubstantiation and made yearly confession ad communion mandatory, and it condemned the Cathari and Waldensians. It is perhaps one of the most notorious of unscriptural actions by the Roman church.

1417 - Oddo Colonna was elected Pope, taking the name Martin 5th. However, Martin 5th was not a priest at the time of his election to Pope - so on November 12th he was ordained a priest and on November 13th he was consecrated a bishop.

1534 - The Statute of Supremacy was passed by the English Parliament that reaffirmed the King of England's sovereignty over both Church & state. It required an oath of allegiance to the king and secured that never again would the church consent to papal authority.

1561 - Death of Hans Tausen at age 67. He is considered the founder of Protestantism in Denmark; sometimes called 'THE DANISH LUTHER'. His preaching was effective and drew a large following despite opposition to his evangelical doctrine.

1571 - The Inquisition was established in Mexico with the death of 63 persons, including 5 who were burned at the stake.

1764 - Birth of Baroness Barbara J. von Krudener in Russia. She experienced conversion and came under the influence of Moravians and Pietists of Germany. Said by some historians to be the mover behind the Holy Alliance of Russia, Austria and Prussia after the fall of Napoleon.

1778 - Death of Ann Steele, Baptist hymn writer.


November 12

1555 - Death of Stephen Gardiner, English Bishop of Winchester. Represented Henry 8th at papal court attempting to get Divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Later named Chancellor to Queen Mary in 1553 and was regarded as chief opponent to the Reform and actively persecuted Protestants.


1660 - Date of the arrest of John Bunyan, a dissenting and unlicensed preacher under the reign of King Charles 2nd of England. During his imprisonment, Bunyan would write. PILGRIM'S PROGRESS - one of the best-known pieces of Christian literature.

1808 - Birth of Ray Palmer in Rhode Island. Hymn writer who penned MY FAITH LOOKS UP TO THEE.

1879 - Birth in Vermont of Ralph Cushman, a Methodist clergyman and leader in the temperance movement of the 1920-1930's.

1899 - Date of the last meeting held by Evangelist D. L. Moody. The location was Kansas City. Following Moody was Sam Jones who held citywide crusades, then Billy Sunday, Mordicai Ham and finally Billy Graham.


November 13

354 - Birth of Augustine in North Africa. Attempted to join Christian doctrine with Platonic tradition. He had great influence over the theologians for over thousand years. Authored THE CITY OF GOD.

1486 - Birth of Johann Eck in Germany. He was the principal opponent of Martin Luther and the German reformation. Helped Pope Leo 10 prepare condemnation of Luther's writings and his excommunication.

1615 - Birth of Richard Baxter, near Shrewsbury, England. Some have called him the greatest theologian of England. He sought to soften some of the rigid elements of the Church of England that excluded the Puritans.

1618 - The Synod of Dort was opened to settle the dispute between the supporters of Jacob Arminius and John Calvin. Result was condemnation of Arminius and rejection of office of pastor to 200 followers of Arminius.

1864 - Birth of James Cannon, Jr., noted Methodist minister and strong voice against alcohol.

1933 - So-called "Christians" in Germany staged a missive rally in the Sports Palace in Berlin, Germany in support of Nazism. The speaker was a Dr. Krause who declared: "the liberation of all that is un-German in liturgy and confession…our church will also have to see to it that all obviously distorted and superstitious reports should be expunged from the New Testament, and that the theology of Paul should be renounced in principle, for it has perpetuated a falsification of the gospel.


November 14

1601 - Birth of Jean Eudes in France. He was a Catholic missionary who promoted Mary as an object of veneration. Founder of the Order of Our Lady of Charity and the Congregation of Jesus and Mary as well as the society of the Admirable Heart of Mary.

1633 - Death of William Ames, English Puritan theologian whose works were of influence at both Harvard and Yale during the early 1700's.

1915 - Death of Booker T. Washington, a black educator and reformer who became President of Tuskegee Institute. His influence was great during the late 19th century and was met with opposition from W.E.B. Dubois Washington's autobiography is entitled UP FROM SLAVERY.

1964 - Day that missionary William; McChensey was seized by rebels in the African Congo and held captive. Beaten and mistreated, he would die at the hands of the rebels about November 25. Here is a poem he wrote:

I want my breakfast served at eight,
With ham and eggs upon the plate,
A well-broiled steak I'll eat at one,
And dine again when day is done.

I want an ultramodern home
And in each room a telephone.
Soft carpets, too, upon the floors,
And pretty drapes to grace the doors.

I want my wardrobe, too, to be
Of neatest, finest quality,
With latest style in suit and vent:
Why should not Christians have the best?

But then the Master I can hear
In no uncertain voice, so clear:
"I bid you come and follow Me,
The lowly Man of Galilee."

If he be God, and died for me,
No sacrifice too great can be
For me, a mortal man to make;
I'll do it all for Jesus' sake.

Yes, I will tread the path he trod,
No other way to please my God;
So henceforth, this my choice shall be,
My choice for all eternity.


1976 -. The Baptist church in Plains, Georgia where Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter was a member voted to drop the ban on church attendance by blacks.


November 15

1630 - Death of Johann Kepler - considered by some to be the founder of physical astronomy. Utilizing the telescope that had been designed by Galileo, he discovered the laws of planetary motion. He is credited with saying that his research was merely "thinking God's thoughts after Him".

1731 - Birth of William Cowper in England. He was a gifted poet who wrote words for hymns including GOD MOVES IN A MYSTERIOUS WAY and THERE IS A FOUNTAIN FILLED WITH BLOOD DRAWN FROM IMMANEUL'S VEINS.

1738 - birth of William Hershel, credited with the discovery of the planet, Uranus. He built the greatest reflecting telescope of his day and considered the heavens to reflect the Glory of God.

1917 - Death of Oswald Chambers, a Christian minister best known to our generation for his book MY UTMOST FOR HIS HIGHEST.

1912 - Birth of Jacob Deshazzer in Salem, Oregon to devout Christian parents. When WWII broke out he received training as a mechanic and bombardier. He flew with James Doolittle in the famous bombing raid on Tokyo in April, l942. He was shot down and captured and spent the next three years as a POW of the Japanese - starved and mistreated - yet in reading the Bible in solitary confinement, Deshazzer came to faith in Christ. After the war, he returned to Japan as a missionary.


November 16

1538 - John Lambert, a Protestant, was tried and condemned to death by English King Henry the 8th over Lambert's denial of the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Lambert was burned at Smithfield, England.

1803 - Birth of Heinrich G. A. Ewald, a theologian trained in languages. His Hebrew grammar marked new progress in Biblical philology.

1887 - Birth of Philip Frohman in New York City - architect of the National Cathedral in Washington, D. C.

1886 - A significant conference of leaders of several denominations met in Chicago for seven days to discuss and present important prophetic viewpoints. The secretary was Evangelist George C. Needham of Clarendon Street Baptist Church in Boston. Among the resolutions affirmed on the last day of the conference was - absolute authority of the Word of God, the literal fulfillment of prophetic declarations about Christ's 2nd coming. The world will not be converted before Christ's coming but the rule of worldwide peace will result from His return and the doctrine of the return of Christ should be a motivator to service and sacrifice.


November 17

680 - Death of Hilda, founder and abbess of Whitgny, England. She was daughter of the King of Northumbria and was converted in 627 through the preaching of a man named Paulinus.

1558 - Death of Mary Tudor, daughter of King Henry 8th that broke England off from the Papacy. She assumed the throne at the death of Edward 6th and as a devout Catholic became known as "Bloody Mary" due to the may who died for their non-catholic faith during her reign.

1558 - Death of Reginald Pole, who served under Mary Tudor and attempted to deliver England back to Papal control. He was a cardinal and in Will Durant's THE STORY OF CIVILIZATON - THE REFORMATION he states that "nowhere in contemporary Christendom - not even Spain - were so many men and women burned for their opinions as during Reginald Pole's primacy of the Eng. Church.

1558 - The accession of Elizabeth 1st as Queen of England following Mary Tudor's death. Elizabeth was a remarkable woman of fortitude, courage and leadership - we get the words "Elizabethan English" from her reign. Under her reign would be the destruction of the famed Spanish Armada and the rise of British power. She was nominally Protestant and did exercise some persecution of non-conformist in England.

1845 - Date Frederick W. Faber was received into the Catholic Church. He had been raised a Calvinist but was influenced by John Newman. He became a hymn writer giving us hymns such as FAITH OF OUR FATHERS.

1847 - Birth of Burnett H. Streeter in Croydon, England. He was a theologian and biblical scholar who made contributions to the knowledge of the origins of the gospels as well as to manuscript evidence.


November 18

1095 - The Council of Claremont in France was convened by order of Pope Urban 2nd to plan the First Crusade to recover Jerusalem and Antioch from the Moslems. To assure this action by European Catholics, a full indulgence (remission of all penance for sin) was promised to all who participated in this mission. Further it ordered that no meat be eaten from Ash Wednesday to Easter.

1302 - Pope Boniface 8th issued the papal bull, called UNUM SANCTAM declaring there was "one holy Catholic and Apostolic Church" outside of which there was no salvation nor remission of sin. It claimed that civil power must be subjected to spiritual power. This is one of the most audacious claims made in history and has no basis in scripture. Christ and the church are synonymous - which is a rash and irresponsible grasp of power by the Roman papal system. Acts 4:12 says that neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men whereby we must be saved. But that is speaking of Christ, not the church!

1647 - Birth of Pierre Bayle a Protestant critic and philosopher. He called for universal toleration of religions. His writings were popular among the 18th century age of Enlightenment.

1800 - Birth of John N. Darby in London. He was a remarkable man of talents related to teaching scripture. He was the first strong voice for what has been called "dispensationalism" where he carefully distinguished between the promises and warnings to Israel and doctrines of the New Testament church. He was a tireless evangelist and expositor in British Isles and North America. He would influence those who would produce the Schofield Reference Study Bible that has taught so many dispensationalist.


November 19

1672 - Richard Baxter, the gifted Puritan preacher, recorded in his diary that he preached legally for the first time in ten years. He was one of 2,000 other non-conformist ministers that had been evicted from their ministries after the restoration of King Charles 2nd to British throne. Baxter would die in 1691 at the age of 76.

1862 - Birth of William A. Sunday in Ames, Iowa. Known as Billy Sunday as a professional baseball player (1883-1890). He began ministry with J. Wilbur Chapman and on his own as an evangelist. It is said that his New York City campaign drew 1.4 million people in attendance during 10 weeks.

1863 - The date of the actual Gettysburg Address by President Abraham Lincoln. It was part of the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery for the casualties of the Civil War. Initially, Lincoln's speech was not received well, even criticized.

1921 - Birth of Peter S. Ruckman in Kansas. He would become an evangelist, author, professor, pastor and artist. Converted from Catholicism in 1949 in Pensacola while a radio announcer, he would become a bold messenger of God's grace found in Christ. Known as a leader in the "King James Only" advocates, he has preached thousands of sermons in jails, prisons, street corners, hospitals, rest homes and many other public places often using chalk artistry to illustrate his message. He is founder and president of the Pensacola Bible Institute. At age 81, he tirelessly continues to proclaim God's Word.


November 20

1657 - Death of Manassah Ben Israel, a Jewish theologian from Holland. He went to England in 1655 to petition the Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell and the English Parliament to abolish legislation that forbid Jews from coming to England.

1660 - Birth of Daniel E. Jablonski, a German reformer born near Danzig. Served as a bishop in the Moravian church from 1699-1741.

1741 - Birth of Samuel Kirkland in Norwich, Connecticut and became a missionary to the Oneida Indians. He was influential in keeping the 6 Nations neutral in the American Revolution. Founded what would become Hamilton College.

1759 - Date that the slave ship. THE SWIFT was boarded by the sailors on the ship, THE ARUNDEL whose captain was a Christian, named Charles Middleton. Middleton sent a young Christian doctor named, James Ramsey with the boarding crew. He discovered indescribable filth that the slaves were being held in below deck. Ramsey would begin pasturing on a West Indies Island and an outspoken voice against slavery. Many years later Ramsey & Middleton would work together again in England to abolish slavery. They found a skilled supporter in William Wilberforce.

1871 - Birth of Charles Weigle, a vocalist and evangelist who wrote the song, NO ONE EVER CARED FOR ME LIKE JUSUS.

1840 - Date of the ordination of David Livingstone, one of England's most famous missionary explorers. His ordination took place at Albion Chapel in Finsbury, England with a non-conformist group of Congregationalists. He went on to serve with the London Missionary Society in Africa sailing from London in December of 1840. Later, his fame as an explorer may only be compared with that afforded the first man to walk on the moon according to his biographer, Tim Jeal.


November 21

1495 - Birth in Cove, England of John Bale, a religious playwright and clergyman. Best-known play is 'KING JOHN'.

1620 - The Puritans, seeking religious freedom in the new colonies, signed the MAYFLOWER COMPACT. This group would later be called the PILGRIMS. Quote from "A Place for Habitation" page 225. "By the Mayflower Pact they formed themselves by voluntary agreement into a 'civil body politic', a sufficiently remarkable achievement. They firmly established the rule of law and in 1636 they drew up what amounted to a Bill of Rights in a code of law; they instituted civil marriage and land records; they ruled that land should descend to all children of a marriage and not wholly to the eldest son; they separated Church and State and they extended open discussion at their church meetings to their town meetings. All these were seeds which others ripened in their own good time."

1768 - Birth of Freidrich Schleiermacher in Breslau, Germany. His influence over 19th & 20th century Protestants has been significant. He was a religious liberal who rejected the accuracy and authority of scripture, instead emphasizing feelings and emotion. Referred to Jesus as the Ideal Man.

1963 - The Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church approved the use of vernacular languages in administering sacraments. Many older Roman Catholics considered this confusing, as they were accustomed to the Latin Rite of the Mass.

1964 - Pope Paul 6th closed the 3rd session of the Ecumenical Council conferring upon Mary the title, MOTHER OF THE CHURCH.


November 22

1873 - The ship VILLE DU HAVRE and the LOCHERN collided with each other far out in the Atlantic Ocean. On board were the wife and four daughters of a Chicago Christian lawyer named Horatio Spafford. They had survived the great Chicago fire earlier and the girls were going to England to attend a boarding school. 226 drowned that night, including the four girls. Mrs. Spafford barely survived. When she landed in Wales, she cabled her husband, SAVED ALONE. He immediately booked passage on another ship and during the voyage wrote the words to the hymn IT IS WELL WITH MY SOUL.

1963 - Death of President John Kennedy, assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was a photogenic President with a fairy-tale marriage and position. History has represented him also as a womanizer and expensive politician. Eclipsed by Kennedy's death was that of C. S. Lewis, the talented British Christian writer of such as THE SCREWTAPE LETTERS and the CHRONICLES OF NARNIA. The first tale of the CHRONICLES is that of THE LION, THE WITCH AND THE WARDROBE.

1936 - Birth of Robert C. Gray, one time pastor of Trinity Baptist Church in Jacksonville, Florida and influential leader in the independent Baptist of the south. Gray is now doing evangelist work with the International Board of Jewish Missions.


November 23

615 - Death of Columbanus, Irish missionary and founder of a monastic order. Sent monks outside of the cloister to do pastoral work.

1585 - Death of Thomas Tallis, English composer and organist. Sometimes called the father of English Church music due to him being one of the first to compose settings for Anglican Services.

1654 - Date of the conversion of Blaise Pascal, a French scientist, mathematician and philosopher. His conversion was through the reading of John 17.

1873 - Evangelist D. L. Moody, joined by vocalist Ira Sankey, began an evangelistic outreach in Edinburgh, Scotland. Moody had seen great success in America and would see the same in the British Isles. Once when a reporter criticized Moody for his poor English and unpolished messages from the scripture, Moody pointed to his tongue and said, "The Lord would rather us to do the right thing wrongly than to do the wrong thing rightly."


November 24

1531 - Death of Johannes Oecolampadius, a German theological leader at the age of 49. In the dispute between Zwingli and Luther on the Lord's Supper, Oecolampadius took Zwingli's position that Christ is not present in the Lord's Supper. He also helped Erasmus edit the Greek New Testament.

1572 - Death of John Knox, famous leader of the Scottish Reformation. He fled Scotland after Mary Tudor came to the British throne, but returned in 1559. He was known as a bold preacher who called for the scriptures to be honored and obeyed by both great and small.

1713 - Birth of Junipero Serra, who would become a Franciscan missionary and set up the mission at San Diego in 1769, referred to by some as the "apostle to California".

1771 - Francis Asbury began his preaching career as an English Wesleyan missionary traveling through Westchester Co. (New York) by horseback.

1848 - Birth of James McClure in Albany, New York. Became a Presbyterian Theologian and President of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary from 1905-1928.


November 25

1277 - Giovanni Orsini became Pope Nicholas 3rd. In VICARS OF CHRIST, THE DARK SIDE OF THE PAPACY, Peter DeRose says that Nicholas 3rd amassed a fortune from the money paid due to confiscation of the property of so-called heretics during a period of the inquisition.

1697 - Birth of Garhard Torsteegan, German mystic and hymn writer; considered to be on the most important of several hymn writers in the German Reformed Church.

1742 - The Scottish Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge approved David Brainerd as a missionary to American Indians. His labor would take him to eastern Pennsylvania where by 1746 he had 130 adult converts. Sick and incapacitated at the home of Jonathan Edwards, Brainerd died less than 30 years old. His 'JOURNALS' would prove to challenge many generations after him to sacrificial service for Christ.

1778 - Birth of William Jenks in Newton, Massachusetts. He did pioneer missionary work among seamen and founded several chapels and churches.

1787 - Birth of Franz Gruber, German organist and composer - wrote music for SILENT NIGHT.


1880 - Birth of John Flynn in Australia. He would serve as a Presbyterian missionary to inland Australia.

1881 - Birth of Angelo Roncalli, he would be named POPE JOHN 23rd in 1958. In March 1963 he set up the commission of cardinals to revise Canon Law as well as summoning an ecumenical council. He was not the first Pope John 23rd as there was a schismatic pope serving from 1410 until 1415.


November 26

1862 - date that President Abraham Lincoln met Harriet B. Stowe, author of UNCLE TOM'S CABIN, the story of the Underground Railroad for escaping slaves before the Civil War. Lincoln is said to have remarked, "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this Great War."

1879 - Day of the first national Thanksgiving by Canada. This original thanksgiving came in 1621 by order of Wm. Bradford and the Pilgrims at Massachusetts Bay Colony. This was followed by President Lincoln's order in 1863.

1827 - Birth of Ellen G. White in Gorham, Maine. The most influential of leaders in the 7th Day Adventist Church. She made claim to numerous "open" visions, including that on April 7, 1847 she was taken into the Holy of Holies in heaven by Jesus himself. Adventist attributes to her the gift of prophecy - she taught part of what Adventists refer to as "the investigative judgment".

1858 - Birth of Katherine Drexel in Philadelphia. As a philanthropist, she established the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for Indians and Colored People and founded Xavier University here in New Orleans.

1936 - Death of Leon Levison, who had been born in Safed, near Lake Tiberias in Palestine. As a youth his studies brought him in contact with missionaries of the Free Church of Scotland who operated a school. They taught him English and about Jesus Christ. But due to persecution, Leon kept his studies of the Christian faith secret. He traveled to Scotland and there was converted and baptized. He rose to leadership and worked hard to assist Jews in Russia and was knighted in England in 1919. He authored several books including one called THE LIFE OF PAUL and labored to evangelize his Jewish kinsmen. He was 54 years old at death.


November 27

1787 - Birth of Andrew Reed, Congregational hymn writer, born in London. Wrote SPIRIT DIVINE, ATTEND OUR PRAYERS.

1803 - Birth of Christian Andreas Herman Kalkar, born in Stockholm, Sweden. As a Jew, his father was a rabbi and his uncle a well-known and respected Talmudist and poet. At 9 years old, Kalkar's father died and he was sent to Copenhagen to live and received education. This move placed him in contact with numerous Christians giving him cause to consider the Christian faith. At 20 years of age he was converted and baptized. He authored several books and labored to carry the gospel. In 1871 he was elected president of the Danish Missionary Society. His attempts to resolve conflicts between Protestant groups in Sweden brought him to become friends with the Queen of Sweden.

1862 - Birth of Adelaide Pollard, author of the hymn, HAVE THINE OWN WAY, LORD.

1874 - Birth in Motol, Russia - Chaim Weizmann a leader in the Zionist movement in Europe. His skills as a chemist led him to discover a way to produce acetone, desperately needed by Britain. With this success, Weizmann was able to influence Britain to support the Balfour Declaration supporting a homeland in Palestine for the Jewish people. Weizmann was the first president of Israel '48'-52.

1945 - Date of the return of missionary Ernest Prestwood to Borneo where he had labored with the gospel since 1930 except for 5 years from 1940 due to WW2. His ministry took him up and down the hills and woods of the rain forest often ill with disease and ulcerations on his legs. He would die in a rafting accident only 3 months after his return.


November 28

1628 - Birth of John Bunyan, near Bedford in England. He served in the army and was converted and soon was imprisoned by illegal preaching. He is best known for his books, PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, THE HOLY WAR and GRACE ABOUNDING TO THE CHIEF OF SINNERS. He proved to be a master of allegory. Theologically, he was a Puritan who held a Calvinist view of Grace, but was a separatist in his views of baptism and the church.

1666 - Date of the arrest of Hugh McKail, a Scotsman's who proclaimed the truth of the Reformation. He was tortured by crushing one of his legs in a vain attempt to get him to recant his theology. Following the torture, he was placed in a dismal dungeon but his faith encouraged him. Shortly afterward he was sentenced to be hung. The day of his execution, he dragged himself up the scaffold and read from his small New Testament he kept in his pocket. The scripture was from the last Chapter of Revelation. Soon afterward he was hung.

1757 - Birth of William Blake, an English poet and sculptor. He is best known for his SONGS OF INNOCENCE of 1789. He wrote as a Romantic idealist and therefore was not orthodox in doctrine. His beliefs about Christ are not scriptural and he connected forgiveness of sin with an act of love.

1845 - Death of Michael Solomon Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem in the Episcopal Church. He was converted from Judaism after his birth in Poland. He worked tirelessly to reach his people, the Jews of the Middle East.


1863 - Date of the first annual Thanksgiving Day by order of President Abraham Lincoln.


November 29

1530 - Death of Thomas Wolsey, one-time chancellor of England. He fell from favor when he failed to get papal approval of the divorce of Henry 8th from Catherine of Aragon. He was a pompous man and extravagant.

1661 - Death of Brian Walton, a Bible scholar who produced the Polyglot Bible translation.

1727 - Birth in North Haven, Connecticut of Ezra Stiles, a Congregational minister and educator. Once President of Yale College and considered by many to be the most leaned man of his era.

1812 - Death of Horace Greely, famous newspaperman, founder of the New York Tribune paper. He is known for allegedly saying 'GO WEST YOUNG MAN' - which was actually said by L.B. Soule and disclaimed by Greely. But Greely did say, "IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO MENTALLY AND SOCIALLY ENSLAVE A BIBLE-READING PEOPLE."

1847 - Death of Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, missionaries to Indians in Oregon. Killed by Cayuse Indians along with 10 others.

1898 - Birth of Clives Staples Lewis or C. S. Lewis - noted British author whose fictional work has touched many.

1915 - Birth of Clyde Dennis, founder of the GOOD NEWS PUBLISHER-producer of Gospel tracts and films.


November 30

1406 - Date that Angelo Carrario was elected Pope Gregory the 12th. He had been elected by the Cardinals in opposition to Benedict 13 the anti-pope in Avignon, France. The Council of Pisa deposed both men in 1409, but Gregory would not abdicate the office until the Council of Constance.

1594 - Birth of John Cosin in Norwich, England. Revised the English Book of Common Prayer in 1661. Used the Militia to suppress the non-conformists into attending Anglican services.

1628 - Date of the christening of John Bunyan, noted English preacher and author. Noted for his book, THE PILGIM'S PROGRESS that had great impact on English Life.

1864 - Date that John Clough and his wife sailed from Boston under the Baptist Foreign Mission Board to serve as missionaries in Telugu, India where previous investment of 17 years of Christian work had yielded no visible converts. He went on to see many come to Christ.

1884 - Birth of Daniel Poling in Portland, Oregon. He conducted a nation wide weekly radio program in the 1920's and was editor of the CHRISTIAN HERALD magazine for 40 years.

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